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CVE-2025-55787 – SQL Injection (Unauthenticated RCE-level DB Compromise) – MailData Email Archiving

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Summary

CVE-2025-55787 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability affecting MailData Email Archiving System version 4.2 and earlier. The flaw resides in the ip parameter of the POST request body sent to the /monitorcenter/adddevice endpoint, allowing an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject and execute arbitrary SQL commands against the backend database. With a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (Critical), successful exploitation can lead to full compromise of data confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Technical details

  • Root cause: Improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command (CWE-89) — user-supplied input in the ip parameter is concatenated into a SQL query without adequate sanitization or parameterization.
  • Trigger conditions: An attacker sends a crafted POST request to the /monitorcenter/adddevice endpoint with a malicious payload in the ip field.
  • Attack vector: Network-based, requiring no authentication and no user interaction, making the vulnerability exploitable remotely by any attacker who can reach the exposed service.
  • Impact: Successful exploitation can expose sensitive database contents, allow modification or deletion of records, and potentially serve as a foothold for further compromise of the underlying system, depending on database privileges and configuration.

Affected software

  • MailData Email Archiving System — version 4.2 and all earlier versions

Severity

  • CVSS v3.1 Base Score: 9.8 (Critical)
  • Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Mitigation and recommended actions

  • Immediate: No official vendor patch or advisory has been published for this CVE at this time. Organizations running MailData Email Archiving System should monitor vendor channels closely for a fixed release and apply it as soon as it becomes available.
  • If no patch is available:
    • Restrict network access to the MailData Email Archiving System management interface, including the /monitorcenter/adddevice endpoint, to trusted internal networks or VPN only — do not expose it directly to the internet.
    • Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) rule to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the ip parameter on this endpoint.
    • Monitor application and database logs for anomalous or malformed requests to /monitorcenter/adddevice.
    • Apply least-privilege database account permissions for the application’s database user to limit the blast radius of a successful injection.
    • If the software is not business-critical or actively maintained by the vendor, consider decommissioning or replacing it.

References

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