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CVE-2026-14540 – SSRF – Google MCP Toolbox for Databases versions 0.3.0 through 1.4.0

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Summary

CVE-2026-14540 is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Google MCP Toolbox for Databases affecting versions 0.3.0 through 1.4.0. The flaw resides in the toolbox’s generic HTTP source and tool components, where the internal HTTP client is initialized without redirect controls or target IP validation, allowing an unauthenticated remote attacker to coerce the server into issuing unauthorized HTTP requests to internal network resources or cloud metadata services. This vulnerability carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 8.0 (High) and requires no privileges or user interaction to exploit.

Technical details

  • Root cause: The internal HTTP client (internal/sources/http/http.go) is initialized without a restrictive CheckRedirect policy hook and without target IP validation. Although the toolbox performs baseline input sanitization on user-controlled parameters, no boundary is enforced on where redirected requests may ultimately be sent.
  • Trigger conditions: An attacker — or a malicious value surfaced by a data-driven prompt processed by an AI agent connected to the toolbox — supplies a crafted path parameter that triggers an open redirect or a direct destination swap on the configured backend. The toolbox then blindly follows the redirect to the attacker-controlled destination.
  • Attack vector: Fully unauthenticated and network-accessible. No privileges or user interaction are required (AV:N / PR:N / UI:N).
  • Impact: The toolbox can be directed to issue unauthorized HTTP requests to arbitrary internal endpoints or cloud instance metadata services (e.g., 169.254.169.254). The CVSS 4.0 vector records high confidentiality (VC:H) and high integrity (VI:H) impact on the vulnerable component — enabling scenarios including cloud credential theft via metadata endpoint access and unauthorized lateral movement to internal services not otherwise exposed to the internet.
  • Prompt injection angle: Because MCP Toolbox is purpose-built to connect AI agents and applications to enterprise databases, the attack surface includes indirect prompt injection: a malicious value retrieved from a database or an external source could supply the crafted path without any direct network interaction from the attacker.

Affected software

  • Google MCP Toolbox for Databases — versions 0.3.0 through 1.4.0 (inclusive)

Severity

  • CVSS 4.0 Base Score: 8.0 (High)
  • CVSS 4.0 Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
  • CWE: CWE-918 – Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Mitigation and recommended actions

  • Immediate: Upgrade Google MCP Toolbox for Databases to version 1.5.0 or later. Version 1.5.0 (released June 18, 2026) introduces an SSRFGuard mechanism that enforces DNS rebinding protection, fast-fail IP validation at initialization, and configurable network controls via new properties: allowPrivateNetworks, allowedIpRanges, and customBlockedIpRanges.
  • If immediate upgrade is not possible:
    • Restrict outbound network egress from the mcp-toolbox host at the firewall or cloud VPC level — specifically blocking connections to link-local ranges (e.g., 169.254.0.0/16) and other internal network segments.
    • Ensure mcp-toolbox instances are not directly reachable from untrusted networks without an authenticated proxy or API gateway in front.
    • Audit all HTTP source and tool configurations for externally-sourced or user-controlled path parameters and eliminate or sanitize them.

IONIX Status

The IONIX research team is tracking ongoing exploitation attempts and recommends immediate patching. Potentially affected assets are outlined in this post.

References

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