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CVE-2026-57818 – OAuth2 Authorization Code Reuse (TOCTOU Race Condition) – Apache CXF cxf-rt-rs-secu

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Summary

CVE-2026-57818 is a time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in Apache CXF’s OAuth2 security module (cxf-rt-rs-security-oauth2). An unauthenticated attacker can redeem a single OAuth2 authorization code multiple times through concurrent requests, causing the authorization server to issue multiple distinct, valid access tokens. The issue is rated High severity with a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1.

Technical details

  • Root cause: A synchronization flaw in JCacheCodeDataProvider fails to atomically invalidate an authorization code when it is redeemed, so concurrent redemptions read the code as still valid before it is consumed.
  • Trigger conditions: An attacker submits multiple concurrent token requests using the same authorization code, defeating the intended single-use restriction.
  • Attack vector: Network; no privileges or user interaction required. Attack complexity is High because the exploit depends on winning a timing race.
  • Impact: Issuance of multiple valid access tokens from one authorization code, undermining the integrity and confidentiality guarantees of the OAuth2 flow and enabling unauthorized access.

Affected software

  • Apache CXF cxf-rt-rs-security-oauth2 4.2.0 through 4.2.2
  • Apache CXF cxf-rt-rs-security-oauth2 4.0.0 through 4.1.7
  • Apache CXF cxf-rt-rs-security-oauth2 before 3.6.12 (0 through 3.6.11)

Severity

CVSS v3.1 base score: 8.1 (High)
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Mitigation and recommended actions

  • Immediate: Upgrade to a fixed release — Apache CXF 4.2.3, 4.1.8, or 3.6.12, depending on your branch.
  • If no patch: Restrict and monitor access to the OAuth2 token endpoint, and where possible reduce the exposure of the authorization-code grant flow until the upgrade can be applied.

References

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