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CVE-2026-105484 – Unauthenticated OS Command Injection (RCE) – TOTOLINK X6000R 9.4.0cu.652_B20230116

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Summary

CVE-2026-105484 is a critical, unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability in the firmware upload handler of the TOTOLINK X6000R wireless router. The flaw resides in the firmware_check function of the UploadFirmwareFile handler, reachable via /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi, and allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the device without any authentication. The issue is rated CRITICAL with a maximum CVSS v3.1 base score of 10.0.

Technical details

  • Root cause: The firmware_check function fails to properly sanitize the file_name parameter before using it in a system-level operation, enabling OS command injection (CWE-78 / CWE-77).
  • Trigger conditions: An attacker submits a crafted file_name value to the firmware upload endpoint (UploadFirmwareFile handler) on /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi.
  • Attack vector: Network-based and does not require authentication or any user interaction, making it exploitable by any remote attacker who can reach the device’s management interface.
  • Impact: Full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the device — successful exploitation can lead to arbitrary command execution with the privileges of the web management process, potentially resulting in complete device takeover.

Affected software

  • TOTOLINK X6000R, firmware version 9.4.0cu.652_B20230116

Severity

  • CVSS v3.1 Base Score: 10.0 (CRITICAL)
  • Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Mitigation and recommended actions

  • Immediate: No vendor-supplied patched firmware version has been publicly confirmed as of this writing. Check the TOTOLINK official website for firmware updates for the X6000R and apply any available update immediately.
  • If no patch is available:
    • Restrict access to the device’s web management interface (/cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi) so it is not reachable from the public internet.
    • Place management interfaces behind a VPN or firewall rule limiting access to trusted internal networks/IPs only.
    • Disable remote/WAN-side administration on the router if not strictly required.
    • Monitor for unexpected firmware upload requests or anomalous outbound connections from the device.
    • Consider replacing or isolating end-of-life TOTOLINK devices that do not receive security updates.

References

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