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CVE-2026-28148 – Unauthenticated SAML Authentication Bypass – miniOrange Headless Single Sign On ≤ 1

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Summary

CVE-2026-28148 is a critical unauthenticated authentication bypass vulnerability in the miniOrange "Headless Single Sign On" WordPress plugin, affecting all versions up to and including 1.6. The flaw stems from improper verification of cryptographic signatures in the plugin’s SAML authentication handling (CWE-347), allowing an attacker to spoof a trusted identity assertion and log in as an arbitrary user without valid credentials. The issue carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (Critical) and requires no authentication or user interaction to exploit.

Technical details

  • Root cause: The plugin fails to properly validate the cryptographic signature on SAML responses/assertions processed during the Headless SSO login flow, classified under CWE-347 (Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature).
  • Trigger conditions: An attacker submits a crafted or forged SAML response to the plugin’s SSO endpoint; because the signature is not correctly verified, the plugin accepts the forged assertion as authentic.
  • Attack vector: Network-based (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction required (UI:N) — the vulnerability can be exploited remotely by an unauthenticated attacker.
  • Impact: Successful exploitation enables identity spoofing (CAPEC-151), allowing an attacker to bypass authentication entirely and impersonate legitimate users — potentially including site administrators — resulting in full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected WordPress site.

Affected software

  • miniOrange Headless Single Sign On (WordPress plugin) — versions ≤ 1.6
  • Fixed in version 1.6.1

Severity

  • CVSS v3.1 Base Score: 9.8 (Critical)
  • Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Mitigation and recommended actions

  • Immediate: Upgrade the miniOrange Headless Single Sign On plugin to version 1.6.1 or later, which fixes the SAML authentication bypass by correcting signature verification.
  • If immediate patching is not possible: Restrict or disable the plugin’s SSO/SAML login endpoints from external network access until the update can be applied, and monitor authentication logs for anomalous login events (e.g., logins bypassing normal credential entry or originating from unexpected IP ranges).
  • Ongoing: After upgrading, audit user accounts and administrator logins for signs of prior unauthorized access, and rotate credentials/session tokens for high-privilege accounts as a precaution.

References

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