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CVE-2026-34884 – SSRF & GraphQL Expression Injection – Apache SkyWalking MCP 0.1.0

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Summary

CVE-2026-34884 is a critical vulnerability in Apache SkyWalking MCP (Model Context Protocol server) version 0.1.0, combining a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) flaw in the set_skywalking_url tool with a GraphQL expression injection issue in the MCP server. The vulnerability carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (Critical), reflecting that it is remotely exploitable over the network without authentication or user interaction and can severely impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Technical details

  • Root cause: The set_skywalking_url tool exposed by the Apache SkyWalking MCP server accepts a user/agent-supplied URL value without adequate validation, allowing it to be pointed at arbitrary internal or external endpoints (SSRF, CWE-918). A related flaw allows attacker-controlled input to be injected into GraphQL query expressions processed by the MCP server (GraphQL expression injection).
  • Trigger conditions: An attacker (or a malicious/compromised MCP client interaction) supplies a crafted URL to the set_skywalking_url tool, or crafted input that is passed into GraphQL queries executed by the server, without the input being properly sanitized or restricted.
  • Attack vector: Network-based (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction required (UI:N) — consistent with an MCP server that processes tool calls/requests exposed to a network-reachable client or agent.
  • Impact: Successful exploitation can cause the SkyWalking MCP server to issue unintended server-side requests (potentially reaching internal services, cloud metadata endpoints, or other restricted network segments) and/or manipulate GraphQL queries executed against the backend SkyWalking OAP server, resulting in high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system and data it can reach.

Affected software

  • Apache SkyWalking MCP version 0.1.0

Severity

  • CVSS v3.1 Base Score: 9.8 (Critical)
  • Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
  • CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Mitigation and recommended actions

  • Immediate: Upgrade Apache SkyWalking MCP to version 0.2.0 or later, which resolves both the SSRF and GraphQL expression injection issues.
  • If immediate patching is not possible:
    • Restrict network access to the SkyWalking MCP server so it is reachable only by trusted clients/agents, not exposed to untrusted networks or the public internet.
    • Apply egress filtering/network segmentation to prevent the MCP server host from reaching sensitive internal endpoints (e.g., cloud metadata services, internal management interfaces) that could be targeted via SSRF.
    • Monitor and restrict the values accepted by the set_skywalking_url tool at a proxy or gateway layer if the underlying code cannot be immediately patched.
    • Review logs for unexpected outbound requests or anomalous GraphQL queries originating from the MCP server as an indicator of attempted exploitation.

References

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