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CVE-2026-39948 – Unauthenticated SQL Injection – Cacti ≤ 1.2.30

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Summary

CVE-2026-39948 is a critical unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89) in Cacti, an open-source network performance and fault management framework, affecting all versions 1.2.30 and prior. The flaw is reachable pre-authentication through graph_view.php on installations with guest graph viewing enabled, allowing a remote attacker with no credentials to inject arbitrary SQL and compromise the confidentiality and integrity of the underlying database. The vulnerability carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 9.3 (Critical).

Technical details

  • Root cause: The rfilter request parameter is retrieved using the raw accessor grv() instead of gfrv(), which enforces FILTER_VALIDATE_IS_REGEX validation. The unvalidated value is concatenated directly into RLIKE SQL clauses in lib/html_graph.php and lib/html_tree.php, as well as aggregate_graphs.php.
  • Bypass mechanism: An unbalanced-quote payload passes the regex check that would otherwise block it, allowing the injected SQL to reach the database engine unmodified.
  • Attack vector: A remote, unauthenticated attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to graph_view.php with a malicious rfilter parameter. No authentication or user interaction is required; the only prerequisite is that guest graph viewing is enabled on the target instance.
  • Entry point: graph_view.php is reachable over HTTP/HTTPS from the public internet on exposed instances.
  • Impact: Successful exploitation results in HIGH confidentiality impact and HIGH integrity impact. Cacti databases routinely store network device credentials, SNMP community strings, and infrastructure configuration data — database compromise can serve as a launchpad for broader infrastructure takeover.

Affected software

  • Cacti versions 1.2.30 and prior (all versions < 1.2.31)

Severity

No CVSS v3.1 score has been published by NVD at time of writing. The assigned CVSS 4.0 score is 9.3 (Critical) with vector string:
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Mitigation and recommended actions

  • Immediate action: Upgrade to Cacti 1.2.31, which addresses all vulnerable RLIKE SQL concatenation sites by enforcing parameterized queries and db_qstr() escaping throughout lib/html_graph.php, lib/html_tree.php, and aggregate_graphs.php.
  • If immediate patching is not feasible: Disable guest graph viewing to remove the unauthenticated attack surface. Additionally, restrict network-level access to Cacti management interfaces from untrusted external sources as a defense-in-depth measure.

IONIX Status

The IONIX research team is tracking ongoing exploitation attempts and recommends immediate patching. Potentially affected assets are outlined in this post.

References

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