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CVE-2026-41871 – Unauthenticated Reflection-Based Job Execution – Apache Nutch 1.10 through 1.22

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Summary

CVE-2026-41871 is a missing-authorization and unsafe-reflection vulnerability in Apache Nutch Server’s REST API that allows unauthenticated attackers to trigger reflection-based job execution using externally-controlled input. The flaw affects Apache Nutch versions 1.10 through 1.22 and carries a Critical CVSS v3.1 score of 9.8, reflecting its network-exploitable, no-authentication-required nature and potential for full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Technical details

  • Root cause: The Nutch Server REST API fails to enforce proper authorization on job-execution endpoints, and combines this with unsafe use of externally-controlled input to select classes/code (CWE-470, "Unsafe Reflection"), allowing arbitrary job classes to be instantiated and executed via reflection.
  • Trigger conditions: An exposed Nutch Server instance with the REST API reachable over the network, with no authentication layer in front of it.
  • Attack vector: Network-based (AV:N); no privileges (PR:N) and no user interaction (UI:N) are required to exploit the flaw.
  • Impact: Successful exploitation allows an unauthenticated attacker to invoke jobs on the server through reflection, which can lead to arbitrary code/job execution and full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected host.

Affected software

  • Apache Nutch versions 1.10 through 1.22 (inclusive) — specifically the Nutch Server / REST API component.

Severity

  • CVSS v3.1 Base Score: 9.8 (Critical)
  • Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Mitigation and recommended actions

  • Immediate: Upgrade to Apache Nutch 1.23, which removes the Nutch Server component entirely, eliminating the vulnerable REST API attack surface.
  • If patching is not immediately possible: Restrict network access to any instance running the Nutch Server/REST API to trusted users and internal networks only (e.g., via firewall rules, VPN, or network segmentation) to prevent unauthenticated remote access until the upgrade can be completed.

References

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