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CVE-2026-76179 – Authentication Token Exposure Leading to Full Device Compromise – Ebyte NE2-D11 Fir

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Summary

CVE-2026-76179 is a critical improper-protection-of-authentication-tokens vulnerability (CWE-598: Use of GET Request Method With Sensitive Query Strings) affecting the web management interface of the Ebyte NE2-D11 serial-to-Ethernet gateway, firmware version FW-9167-0-11. The flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker who can observe exposed session data to obtain and replay a valid authentication token, gaining unauthorized access to device management functionality. The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (Critical) and is disclosed via CISA advisory ICSA-26-237-06 alongside several other flaws in the same device.

Technical details

  • Root cause: The NE2-D11 web management interface passes authentication tokens using the GET request method with sensitive information embedded in query strings, rather than protecting them via secure, non-logged transport mechanisms. Tokens are insufficiently protected during client-side session handling.
  • Trigger conditions: An attacker with the ability to observe network traffic, browser history, proxy logs, or other locations where GET request URLs are recorded/cached can capture a valid session token.
  • Attack vector: Network (AV:N) — no privileges or user interaction are required once a valid token has been intercepted; the attacker simply replays the captured token to the device’s management interface.
  • Impact: Successful exploitation enables unauthorized access to device management functionality, allowing an attacker to view or modify device configuration and potentially disrupt device operation, resulting in full loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected gateway.
  • This vulnerability was disclosed as part of a broader set of issues affecting the NE2-D11, including missing authentication for critical functions and cleartext transmission of sensitive data, which can compound the impact of token theft.

Affected software

  • Ebyte NE2-D11 Firmware, version FW-9167-0-11

Severity

  • CVSS v3.1 Base Score: 9.8 (Critical)
  • Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Mitigation and recommended actions

  • Immediate: No patched firmware version has been confirmed by the vendor or CISA as of this advisory. Organizations should contact Ebyte directly to confirm the availability of a fixed firmware build before deploying or continuing to operate affected devices in sensitive environments.
  • If no patch is available:
    • Isolate NE2-D11 devices from untrusted and public-facing networks; do not expose the management interface directly to the internet.
    • Restrict access to the device’s web management interface using firewall rules or a VPN, limiting connectivity to trusted management hosts only.
    • Avoid accessing the management interface over shared or untrusted networks where GET request URLs (and embedded tokens) could be captured or logged by intermediate proxies.
    • Monitor for unusual or unauthorized administrative activity on affected devices.
    • Follow general ICS/OT defense-in-depth practices, including network segmentation, until vendor guidance or a firmware update is released.

References

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